Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

In the present study, protein-extracted grass residue (press cake) was processed through hydrothermal liquefaction under sub and supercritical temperatures (300, 350 400 °C) with without using a potassium carbonate catalyst. The results revealed that bio-crude yield influenced by both temperature catalyst found to be effective at °C (350 Cat) for enhancing yield, whereas state in catalytic non-catalytic conditions improved quality of reasonable HHVs (33 36 MJ/kg). thermal behaviour analysed higher volatile contents (more than 50% range were conditions. overall TOC values residual aqueous phase varied from 22 38 g/L. Higher carbon loss noticed Furthermore, GCMS analysis showed ketones, acids ester, aromatics hydrocarbon negligible nitrogen-containing compounds bio-crude. conclusion, conversion subcritical is favourable terms high however, promote deoxygenation oxygen-containing biomass thus improve